Maryland

Helmet Laws

• Bicycles:
  • Helmets are required for riders under 16 years old when riding on public property (roads, paths, sidewalks).

• E-Bikes:
  • Same rule applies — under 16 must wear a helmet.
  • Helmet use is strongly encouraged for all riders, especially Class 3.

E-Bike Classification

Maryland uses the 3-class e-bike system:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only, max 20 mph

• Class 2: Throttle-assist, max 20 mph

• Class 3: Pedal-assist only, up to 28 mph

✔ E-bikes are not considered motor vehicles in Maryland.
✔ No license, registration, or insurance is required.

Where You Can Ride

• Sidewalks:
  • Sidewalk riding is not allowed for e-bikes, unless specifically permitted by local ordinances.

• Bike Lanes:
  • E-bikes are allowed unless restricted locally.

• Shared-Use Paths / Trails:
  • Class 1 & 2 generally permitted.
  • Class 3 may be prohibited unless a local rule allows it.

• Roadways: Riders may operate e-bikes on roads just like bicycles and must obey traffic signals and lane rules.

Age Restrictions

• Riders must be 16 years or older to operate a Class 3 e-bike.

• No age restriction for Class 1 & 2, but helmet law applies for riders under 16.

Lights & Equipment

• At night, e-bikes must be equipped with:
  • A white front light visible from 500 feet
  • A rear red reflector or light visible from 600 feet

• Working brakes and side reflectors are also required.

Source:

Maryland Transportation Code § 21-1207.1 & § 11–117.1