Massachusetts

Helmet Laws

• Bicycles:
  • Helmets are required for riders 16 and under on public ways and paths.

• E-Bikes:
  • Helmets are required for all riders of Class 3 e-bikes.
  • Riders under 17 must wear a helmet on any class of e-bike.

E-Bike Classification

Massachusetts adopted the 3-class e-bike system in 2022:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only, max 20 mph

• Class 2: Throttle-assist, max 20 mph

• Class 3: Pedal-assist only, max 28 mph

✔ E-bikes are not classified as motor vehicles.
✔ No license or registration is required for Class 1 and 2.
✔ Class 3 e-bikes may require local permission for some types of riding or access.

Where You Can Ride

• Sidewalks:
  • Typically not permitted for e-bikes unless local ordinances allow it.

• Bike Lanes:
  • Class 1 and 2 are generally permitted in bike lanes.
  • Class 3 may be restricted, especially near pedestrians.

• Shared-Use Paths / Trails:
  • Class 1 and 2 are usually allowed unless posted otherwise.
  • Class 3 access depends on local rules.

• Roadways: All e-bikes may be used in traffic lanes when following bike laws.

Age Restrictions

• Must be at least 16 years old to ride a Class 3 e-bike.

• No age restriction for Class 1 and 2, but helmet laws apply.

Lights & Equipment

• Required for night riding:
  • A white front light visible from 500 feet
  • A red rear light or reflector visible from 600 feet

• Brakes must be capable of stopping from 15 mph within 30 feet.

Source:

Massachusetts General Laws Ch. 90 § 1 & § 1E