North Dakota

Helmet Laws

• Bicycles:
  • No statewide helmet law in North Dakota for bicycle riders.

• E-Bikes:
  • No helmet requirements under state law, even for Class 3.
  • Helmet use is strongly encouraged, especially for minors and high-speed riders.

E-Bike Classification

North Dakota has adopted the 3-class e-bike system:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only, max 20 mph

• Class 2: Throttle-assist (with or without pedaling), max 20 mph

• Class 3: Pedal-assist only, max 28 mph

✔ E-bikes are not classified as motor vehicles.
✔ Riders do not need a license, registration, or insurance to operate an e-bike.

Where You Can Ride

• Sidewalks:
  • Regulated locally – some cities prohibit e-bike use on sidewalks in business areas.

• Bike Lanes:
  • Allowed for all classes of e-bikes unless otherwise restricted by local ordinance.

• Shared-Use Paths / Trails:
  • Class 1 & 2 generally permitted.
  • Class 3 may be restricted due to higher speeds — local rules apply.

• Roadways:
  • E-bikes are permitted on most roadways, excluding highways or interstates.

Age Restrictions

• Riders must be at least 16 years old to legally operate a Class 3 e-bike.

• No age restriction for Class 1 or 2.

Lights & Equipment

• For nighttime operation:
  • A white headlight visible from 500 feet
  • A red rear reflector or light visible from 300 feet

• All e-bikes must have working brakes and at least one audible signal (bell or horn) if required locally.

Source:

North Dakota Century Code – Title 39 (Motor Vehicles)