Pennsylvania

Helmet Laws

• Bicycles:
  • Helmets are required for riders under 12 years old.

• E-Bikes:
  • Riders of Class 3 e-bikes must wear helmets, regardless of age.
  • Helmet use is strongly recommended for all riders on any class of e-bike.

E-Bike Classification

Pennsylvania follows the 3-class e-bike system, defined as:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only, up to 20 mph

• Class 2: Throttle-assist, up to 20 mph

• Class 3: Pedal-assist only, up to 28 mph

✔ E-bikes are not considered motor vehicles if they meet Class 1–3 definitions.
✔ No license, registration, or insurance is required for legal operation of Class 1–3 e-bikes.

Where You Can Ride

• Sidewalks:
  • Generally not permitted unless local law allows it.
  • In business districts, riding on sidewalks is often prohibited.

• Bike Lanes:
  • E-bikes are allowed in bike lanes unless posted otherwise.

• Shared-Use Paths / Trails:
  • Class 1 & 2 are typically permitted.
  • Class 3 may be restricted depending on local or trail rules.

• Roadways:
  • All e-bike classes may be ridden on roadways where bicycles are permitted, except limited-access highways.

Age Restrictions

• Riders must be at least 16 years old to operate a Class 3 e-bike.

• No age restriction for Class 1 or 2 e-bikes, though parental supervision is advised.

Lights & Equipment

• Nighttime riding requires:
  • A white front lamp visible from at least 500 feet
  • A red rear reflector visible from at least 500 feet

• All e-bikes must be equipped with working brakes and reflectors.

Source:

PennDOT Bicycle & Pedestrian Safety